Instructional Approaches
Return to Instructional techniques
After each entry below will be a single letter referencing what types of learners benefit most from the chosen method. These are taken from Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (see below) [1]:
Cooperative learning {IAP, IEP, L, E, A}
Having students work one-on-one with each other is known as cooperative learning. While similar to small groups, cooperative learning has different strengths. It is generally most effective when students troubleshoot and evaluate each other's work.
Small groups generally involve anywhere to 3-5 people. Similar to cooperative learning, groups are used differently.
- Group learning often works best in helping students refine the clarity of their understanding of unfamiliar topics and ideas by "bouncing" them off each other.
- Groups are especially effective in short "bursts" of around 1minute where students discuss a vague concept before returning to renew class discussion.
- Groups are less effective at trouble-shooting specifics than cooperative learning.
Learning Centers {IAP, E, V, K, L}
Though not as commonly found in the humanities, learning centers involve designating different areas of the classroom towards different types of instruction. Students then rotate in small groups between these areas to learn the required skills. Learning centers work best with activities and computer instruction, and especially when there are multiple instructors.
Kinesthetic activities keep students engaged. These activities may involve writing on the board, games, or crafts, but generally stress getting students engaged in a physical manner. Activities especially benefit kinesthetic learners, who benefit less from more traditional modes of instruction. Below are some sample activity ideas.
- Having students write their ideas on the board before follow-up discussion {V, K}
- Subordinate with different colored legos {V, K, L, E}
- Going outside for the lesson {N, K}
- Going on a hike {N, E}
- Field trip {A, K, L, IEP, IAP}
Conferences {All, if the instructor is willing to walk with the student on occasion}
Meeting students one-on-one outside of the classroom can really help students open up about their ideas and also their reception to criticism.
[1]. Auditory (A); Visual (V); Spatial (S); Logical/mathematical (L); Kinesthetic (K); Interpersonal (IEP); Intrapersonal (IAP); Natural (N); Existential (E).